Active Directory Certificate Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVE-2024-49019
Security Vulnerability
Released: Nov 12, 2024
- Assigning CNA
- Microsoft
- CVE.org link
- CVE-2024-49019
- Impact
- Elevation of Privilege
- Max Severity
- Important
- Weakness
- CVSS Source
- Microsoft
- Vector String
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
- Metrics
- CVSS:3.1 7.8 / 6.8Base score metrics: 7.8 / Temporal score metrics: 6.8
Metric
Value
Base score metrics(8)
Attack Vector
This metric reflects the context by which vulnerability exploitation is possible. The Base Score increases the more remote (logically, and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerable component.
Local
The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document)
Attack Complexity
This metric describes the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist in order to exploit the vulnerability. Such conditions may require the collection of more information about the target or computational exceptions. The assessment of this metric excludes any requirements for user interaction in order to exploit the vulnerability. If a specific configuration is required for an attack to succeed, the Base metrics should be scored assuming the vulnerable component is in that configuration.
Low
Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required
This metric describes the level of privileges an attacker must possess before successfully exploiting the vulnerability.
Low
The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction
This metric captures the requirement for a user, other than the attacker, to participate in the successful compromise the vulnerable component. This metric determines whether the vulnerability can be exploited solely at the will of the attacker, or whether a separate user (or user-initiated process) must participate in some manner.
None
The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope
Does a successful attack impact a component other than the vulnerable component? If so, the Base Score increases and the Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication metrics should be scored relative to the impacted component.
Unchanged
An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality
This metric measures the impact to the confidentiality of the information resources managed by a software component due to a successfully exploited vulnerability. Confidentiality refers to limiting information access and disclosure to only authorized users, as well as preventing access by, or disclosure to, unauthorized ones.
High
There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity
This metric measures the impact to integrity of a successfully exploited vulnerability. Integrity refers to the trustworthiness and veracity of information.
High
There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability
This metric measures the impact to the availability of the impacted component resulting from a successfully exploited vulnerability. It refers to the loss of availability of the impacted component itself, such as a networked service (e.g., web, database, email). Since availability refers to the accessibility of information resources, attacks that consume network bandwidth, processor cycles, or disk space all impact the availability of an impacted component.
High
There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).
Temporal score metrics(3)
Exploit Code Maturity
This metric measures the likelihood of the vulnerability being attacked, and is typically based on the current state of exploit techniques, public availability of exploit code, or active, 'in-the-wild' exploitation.
Unproven
No publicly available exploit code is available, or an exploit is theoretical.
Remediation Level
The Remediation Level of a vulnerability is an important factor for prioritization. The typical vulnerability is unpatched when initially published. Workarounds or hotfixes may offer interim remediation until an official patch or upgrade is issued. Each of these respective stages adjusts the temporal score downwards, reflecting the decreasing urgency as remediation becomes final.
Official Fix
A complete vendor solution is available. Either the vendor has issued an official patch, or an upgrade is available.
Report Confidence
This metric measures the degree of confidence in the existence of the vulnerability and the credibility of the known technical details. Sometimes only the existence of vulnerabilities are publicized, but without specific details. For example, an impact may be recognized as undesirable, but the root cause may not be known. The vulnerability may later be corroborated by research which suggests where the vulnerability may lie, though the research may not be certain. Finally, a vulnerability may be confirmed through acknowledgement by the author or vendor of the affected technology. The urgency of a vulnerability is higher when a vulnerability is known to exist with certainty. This metric also suggests the level of technical knowledge available to would-be attackers.
Confirmed
Detailed reports exist, or functional reproduction is possible (functional exploits may provide this). Source code is available to independently verify the assertions of the research, or the author or vendor of the affected code has confirmed the presence of the vulnerability.
Please see Common Vulnerability Scoring System for more information on the definition of these metrics.
Exploitability
The following table provides an exploitability assessment for this vulnerability at the time of original publication.
- Publicly disclosed
- Yes
- Exploited
- No
- Exploitability assessment
- Exploitation More Likely
Mitigations
The following are several recommendations to consider for securing certificate templates:
1. Remove Overly Broad Enroll or Autoenroll Permissions Avoid granting overly broad enrollment permissions for certificates. Instead, carefully consider which accounts need permissions, and explicitly deny enrollment rights for users or groups of users that should not be eligible for enrollment.
2. Remove Unused Templates from Certification Authorities Several templates are included as part of the installation of an enterprise CA. If those templates are not required, they should be removed.
3. Secure Templates that Allow You to Specify the Subject in the Request:
- Implement additional signatures on requests
- Implement certificate manager approval
- Implement monitoring of certificates issued by the template
More details on securing certificate templates can be found here: Securing PKI: Technical Controls for Securing PKI | Microsoft Learn.
FAQ
What privileges could be gained by an attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability?
An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain domain administrator privileges.
How do I know if my PKI environment is vulnerable to this type of attack?
Check if you have published any certificates created using a version 1 certificate template where the Source of subject name is set to "Supplied in the request" and the Enroll permissions are granted to a broader set of accounts, such as domain users or domain computers. An example is the built-in Web Server template, but it is not vulnerable by default due to its restricted Enroll permissions.
What types of certificates are vulnerable to this type of attack?
Certificates created using a version 1 certificate template with Source of subject name set to "Supplied in the request" are potentially vulnerable if the template is not secured according to the best practices published in the Securing Certificate Templates section of Securing PKI: Technical Controls for Securing PKI | Microsoft Learn.
Acknowledgements
- Lou Scicchitano with TrustedSec
- Scot Berner with TrustedSec
- Justin Bollinger with TrustedSec
Security Updates
To determine the support lifecycle for your software, see the Microsoft Support Lifecycle.
Release date Descending
Product
Platform
Impact
Max Severity
Article
Download
Build Number
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.26100.2314
- 10.0.26100.2240
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2025
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.26100.2314
- 10.0.26100.2240
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.3.9600.22267
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2012 R2
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.3.9600.22267
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.2.9200.25165
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2012
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.2.9200.25165
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.1.7601.27415
- 6.1.7601.27415
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.1.7601.27415
- 6.1.7601.27415
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.0.6003.22966
- 6.0.6003.22966
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.0.6003.22966
- 6.0.6003.22966
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.0.6003.22966
- 6.0.6003.22966
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 6.0.6003.22966
- 6.0.6003.22966
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.14393.7515
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2016
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.14393.7515
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.25398.1251
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.20348.2849
- 10.0.20348.2819
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2022
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.20348.2849
- 10.0.20348.2819
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.17763.6532
Nov 12, 2024
Windows Server 2019
-
Elevation of Privilege
Important
- 10.0.17763.6532
All results loaded
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Disclaimer
The information provided in the Microsoft Knowledge Base is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.
Revisions
version
revisionDate
description
1.0
Nov 12, 2024
Information published.
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